Miss Havisham Essay Example for Free

Miss Havisham Essay Miss Havisham is first introduced to the reader when Mr Pumblechook (Pips Uncle) announces that Miss Havisham Requests Pips presence to play at her house. Miss Havisham fits into the main plot because she trains Estella to â€Å" break their hearts.† When Pip sees Estella for the fist time, he instantly falls in love with her. Miss Havisham sees this and she encourages Pip to do so. Miss Havisham was also, in Pips eyes, the cause of his ‘Great expectations’ Miss Havisham may also have been placed in the novel by Dickens, To explore how the effects of bad experiences on people. In this case it would be Miss Havisham being jilted on her wedding day In the first description of Satis house you get the image of a dilapidated house that has been abandoned even though there is someone there still living there. When pip goes to miss Havishams house she asks him to touch her heart. This according to her is ‘Broken.’ When Miss Havisham says ‘I sometimes have sick fancies’ this shows that Miss Havisham is mentally disturbed in the head. Satis house is an old decaying house, which was turned this way by Miss Havishams neglect. When Pip returns to miss Havishams she takes him into her wedding breakfast room. There is a rotting cake in the middle of the table. This sums up Miss Havishams life perfectly. Forgotten and Mouldy. Another thing that is made out to be strange is that all the clocks have been stopped at twenty to nine. This makes it sound like her life has been frozen in time, as she also wore one shoe, half her veil was arranged and she still wore a decaying wedding dress. This makes the readers believe that she has frozen time at that exact point. Miss Havisham plays an important part in the Novel as she leads pip into believing that she was his benefactor because he believed that she was rearing him for Estella when in fact it was the convict (Magwitch). Miss Havishams character at the beginning of the novel is made out to be cruel and heartless, however later on in the novel she turns over a new leaf and begs for Pip’s forgiveness just before she is burnt to death. Charles Dickens explores the theme of sin and forgiveness in the novel. Throughout the novel some of the people who have sinned tried to redeem themselves the other people who have sinned haven’t. In addition, Dickens explores the theme of what is a gentle man. Compyson Who jilted Miss Havisham and manipulated Magwitch into doing his dirty work was considered a gentle man whereas Joe Gargery took in pip even though he was not related to him in any way took Pip in and gave him an apprenticeship at the forge was not considered a gentle man because he had to work for a living. Dickens explores many themes in the Novel. The main one being the effects on people after a bad experience. In this case this is through Miss Havisham. Miss Havisham dearly loved Compeyson and she cast away most of her family who forewarned her that he was trouble, But she ignored them all and when she got jilted by him on her wedding day she realised that her family were right. After this Miss Havisham adopted Estella so she could raise her up to be invulnerable to the effects of society were in actual fact she was more vulnerable when she grew up. Miss Havisham also raised her up to ‘break the hearts’ of men. This in a way is revenge for what Compeyson put Miss Havisham Through. Another theme in the novel is sin and forgiveness. In Victorian society many people went to church so many people believed in Heaven and Hell. Throughout the novel many people sin. Magwitch, Compeyson, Miss Havisham Orlick and many more. Some of these people try to redeem themselves like Magwitch who became a secret benefactor to Pip. ‘I sleep rough so you can sleep smooth’ also Miss Havisham realises that that she has destroyed two people’s lives. She tries to redeem herself by grovelling to Pip. ‘Oh what have I done’ she also explains what she did to Estella ‘I stole her heart and put ice in its place.’ This shows that Miss Havisham realised how she has raised her to be cruel, emotionless, and how she destroyed Estella’s life. Other people, who sinned, like Compeyson, were killed in a most horrific way. Drowning in a river while having a fight with Magwitch killed Compeyson. Over all Miss Havisham started in the novel to be a cruel, perverted character however towards the end of the novel she redeems herself by begging for Pips forgiveness.

The History of Greek Architecture Essay -- Arts

The History of Greek Architecture The architecture of ancient Greece is represented by buildings in the sanctuaries and cities of mainland Greece, the Aegean islands, southern Italy and Sicily, and the Ionian coast of Turkey. Monumental Greek architecture began in the archaic period, flourished through the classical and Hellenistic periods, and saw the first of many revivals during the Roman Empire. The roots of Greek architecture lie in the tradition of local Bronze Age house and palaces. The following paper will cover the basic forms of Greek architecture. One of the many types of Greek building structures was Sacred Architecture. The Greeks conceived of their gods in human form, as anthropomorphic representations of the forces and elements of the natural world. These gods and goddesses were worshiped with sacrifices made at an outdoor altar. At many sanctuaries, the altar was much older than the temple, and some sanctuaries had only an altar. The temple designed simply as a shelter or home for the cult statue and as a storehouse for offerings. This shelter consisted of a cella (back wall), a pronaos (columned porch), an opisthodomus (enclosure), an antae (bronze grills securing the porches), and a colonnade that provided shelter for visitors. The earliest monumental buildings in Greek architecture were the temples. Since these were solidly built and carefully maintained, they had to be replaced only if destroyed. The architectural orders, Doric on the mainland and Ionic in the eastern Aegean, were developed in the archaic temples, and their lasting example tended to make Greek architecture conservative toward changes in design or in building technology. The Archaic period evolv... ...mples had exterior Corinthinan columns, such as the colossal temple of Zeus Olympius in Athens, begun in 174 BCE. In the Ionic order, Hermogenes of Priene evolved new canons of proportion concerning the temple plan and the height and spacing of columns. His writings were also passed down to Roman architects who emulated his designs. Long after the Roman army captured Athens, the principles of Greek architecture continued to govern building designs in mainland Greece and in Anatolia and strongly influenced Roman architecture throughout the empire. Greek architecture changed and evolved over a number of years. The creative architecture of the Greeks led to the construction of some of the best known buildings in history. Therefore, the Greek's advancements in the field of architecture were not only beneficial to their civilizations, but ours as well. The History of Greek Architecture Essay -- Arts The History of Greek Architecture The architecture of ancient Greece is represented by buildings in the sanctuaries and cities of mainland Greece, the Aegean islands, southern Italy and Sicily, and the Ionian coast of Turkey. Monumental Greek architecture began in the archaic period, flourished through the classical and Hellenistic periods, and saw the first of many revivals during the Roman Empire. The roots of Greek architecture lie in the tradition of local Bronze Age house and palaces. The following paper will cover the basic forms of Greek architecture. One of the many types of Greek building structures was Sacred Architecture. The Greeks conceived of their gods in human form, as anthropomorphic representations of the forces and elements of the natural world. These gods and goddesses were worshiped with sacrifices made at an outdoor altar. At many sanctuaries, the altar was much older than the temple, and some sanctuaries had only an altar. The temple designed simply as a shelter or home for the cult statue and as a storehouse for offerings. This shelter consisted of a cella (back wall), a pronaos (columned porch), an opisthodomus (enclosure), an antae (bronze grills securing the porches), and a colonnade that provided shelter for visitors. The earliest monumental buildings in Greek architecture were the temples. Since these were solidly built and carefully maintained, they had to be replaced only if destroyed. The architectural orders, Doric on the mainland and Ionic in the eastern Aegean, were developed in the archaic temples, and their lasting example tended to make Greek architecture conservative toward changes in design or in building technology. The Archaic period evolv... ...mples had exterior Corinthinan columns, such as the colossal temple of Zeus Olympius in Athens, begun in 174 BCE. In the Ionic order, Hermogenes of Priene evolved new canons of proportion concerning the temple plan and the height and spacing of columns. His writings were also passed down to Roman architects who emulated his designs. Long after the Roman army captured Athens, the principles of Greek architecture continued to govern building designs in mainland Greece and in Anatolia and strongly influenced Roman architecture throughout the empire. Greek architecture changed and evolved over a number of years. The creative architecture of the Greeks led to the construction of some of the best known buildings in history. Therefore, the Greek's advancements in the field of architecture were not only beneficial to their civilizations, but ours as well.

Deception in Hamlet

There’s something rotten in the state of Denmark because deception rules the day! Deception, one of the main themes in Shakespeare’s play; Hamlet, is a major factor or characteristic that many, if not all of the characters portray. Throughout the play, almost none of the characters are true to one another, this causes chaos and drama. Within the play, there are many examples of deception, one being in scene II of act I. In this scene Claudius gives a speech, acting as if he feels sorrow and remorse over the death of his brother, and former king, Hamlet. To deceive the people, and fool them into thinking that he actually feels remorse over his brother’s death, is King Claudius’s goal. The truth however is king Claudius is the source of King Hamlet’s bereavement. In hopes that no one will suspect him of murdering his own brother, Claudius uses the â€Å"fake sympathy charade†. Even if King Claudius truly felt remorse or regret for the death of his brother, he would not have married his dead brothers wife, Queen Gertrude. Scene II of act II includes another example of deception. This scene consists of four characters, all of whom deceive the traumatized and depressed Prince and main character, Hamlet. He is deceived by; his â€Å"love†, Ophelia, his Uncle/Father, King Claudius, Ophelia’s father, Polonius, and most importantly his own Mother, Gertrude. Polonius concocts a plan to prove to King Claudius that Hamlet’s destructive behavior is due to his unreciprocated love for Ophelia. This was to be carried out by Ophelia misleading Hamlet into thinking that they are alone, in the hallway in which Hamlet spends most of his time. Meanwhile Ophelia is well aware that her father, Polonius and King Claudius are hiding nearby eavesdropping on their conversation. Also, In Act I, sc. II, Claudius and Gertrude ask Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlets long time friends to speak with Hamlet and find out why has been so sepulchral . After Hamlet greets them joyfully, he asks them for the reasoning behind their visit. Rosencrantz lies in his response by saying, â€Å"To visit you, my lord, no other occasion†. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are not the only ones involved in this situation, making Gertrude and Claudius unfaithful to Hamlet as well because it is they who brought Hamlets friends, knowing that his friends were most likely the only ones that would be able to get information out of Hamlet. Almost all of the characters in Hamlet are unfaithful/ deceptive. They play tricks, and lie to one another. Most of the characters are â€Å"duplicitous† in the sense that they have two totally different personalities and switch back and forth, or perhaps they are one faced, and wear masks. So one side of their face is who they truly are, and the other (or the mask) is who they deceive people into believing they are.

Essay on When China Ruled the Seas - 774 Words

When China Ruled the Seas Book Review In the book, When China Ruled the Seas, Levathes tells us about seven voyages made by junk armadas during the Chinese emperor Zhu Dis reign. Treasure ships as they were called, were under the command of admiral Zheng He, these ships traded silk, porcelain, and many other fine objects of value. They sailed from India to East Africa, throughout Korea and Japan, and possibly as far as Australia. She believes that China might have been able to create a great colonial realm one hundred years before the Europeans explored and expanded, from Chinas navy of some three thousand ships. The chief purpose of the fleet was diplomatic in nature. Zhu Dis intent to make known his ascension to the dragon†¦show more content†¦He also built a chain of dispatch stations the merchants could stop and rest at. The dispatch stations were spaced out so that overnight stays would be easier for travelers and traders. All of this also helped Chinas economy by making trades easier for merchants. Chinese authority also spread around the world because many Chinese traders moved out of the country to work in the warehouses. Many consequences were brought about as a result of these voyages, some were good and some were bad. The most apparent good consequence is that trade with the world was opened up to China. China was also at the summit of its global power, and practically every country paid China homage. However because of Chinas newfound trading routes, the people became too self-sufficient on overseas goods and this brought about piracy and corrupt trade. Some important gov ernment officials would even desert their official decrees to settle in a striking port city or try and make themselves a superior life in a far off place. The treasure ships were able to wield a power on a world of people in just seven voyages. However when Zhu Di died, a new emperor learned in the ways of Confucianism, took control. In nine months the new emperor disbanded most of the fleet, and forced ruthless margins on trading and foreign journeys. Even though the fleet attempted one last expedition, it was never given another proper opportunity at prominence. The fleetShow MoreRelatedWhen China Ruled the Seas Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pagesand Discussion Questions: When China Ruled the Seas by Louise Levathes 1. Why are we reading this book in this class? 0 The reason that we are reading, â€Å"When China Ruled the Seas† by Louise Levathes is in order to help us create a better understanding of the Chinese rule and how they became such a great dynasty. It helps us to see how China rose to become a great maritime power and also how it its navy disintegrated. â€Å"When China Ruled the Seas† shows us why the Chinese emperorsRead More When China Ruled the Seas by Levathes Essay770 Words   |  4 PagesWhen China Ruled the Seas by Levathes In the book, When China Ruled the Seas, Levathes tells us about seven voyages made by junk armadas during the Chinese emperor Zhu Dis reign. Treasure ships as they were called, were under the command of admiral Zheng He, these ships traded silk, porcelain, and many other fine objects of value. They sailed from India to East Africa, throughout Korea and Japan, and possibly as far as Australia. She believes that China might have been able to create a greatRead MoreThe Rise of Western Power: When China Ruled the Sea Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluence (Marks 34). However, by the fifteenth century, China held considerable economic and military power, leading the world in size, population, agriculture, and commerce (Mungello 1). China also excelled in technology, military strength, learning, and the fine arts (Mungello 2). Leading China through its glory days was the Ming Dynasty which endured more than 250 years until its decline in 1644 (Dardess 1). Before the Ming dynasty, China had become little more than a portion of the Mongol EmpireRead MoreChina And Japan Asian Civilizations1459 Words   |  6 Pages China and Japan were two of the most significant East Asian civilizations in pre-modern world history. China is a large country bordered by Mongolia and North Korea with many geographical features including deserts, a plateau, rivers, a plain, and is surrounded by three major bodies of water. China’s pre-modern history began with in 1600 BCE with the Shang Dynasty, and ended in 1911 with the Qing Dynasty. Different forms of philosophy impacted social structures, and everyday life of Chinese citizensRead MoreTerritorial Disputes Within The South China Sea1404 Words   |  6 Pagesthe South China Sea Background Following the cessation of the Cold War, a massive territorial dispute erupted over two island chains in the South China Sea (SCS), the Paracels and the Spratleys. Those nations disputing their rightful ownership include China, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Brunei, and Taiwan. The source of the conflict in this area stems from the geographical location and the natural resources to be gained through their ownership. According to the World Bank, the sea containsRead MoreFall Of The Jin Dynasty1343 Words   |  6 Pages Following the fall of the Hans dynasty in 220 C.E., China divided into three separate kingdoms known as the Three Kingdom Era. Powerful families and warlords who were in a constant battle against each other led the north, south, and west. In addition to these battles, disease and natural disasters also took an extensive toll on China. The battles continued for years and then in the year 280 C.E., a general under the Jin dynasty from the north managed to defeat the south and west for a short timeRead MoreChina Missile Of The South China Sea937 Words   |  4 PagesChina deploying missiles in the South China Sea Since September 2015, China has begun to increase the arming of the islands in the South China Sea on the islands that China claims belongs to them. The claiming of the Paracel Islands and the Spratly Islands by China are creating panic for its neighbors, Vietnam, Malaysia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. Because, China is ignoring the claims the nations have on the Islands in the South China Sea. Most recently, China has made a political decision toRead MoreChinas Expansion Into The South China Sea Case Study1351 Words   |  6 PagesAround the year 2015 China has started building artificial islands on disputed territory in the South China Sea for the purpose of resource mining, installment of surveillance and defensive infrastructures. Countries in the South China Sea that lay economic and territorial claims such as the Philippines, Malaysia, and Japan have expressed security concerns regarding China’s aggressive expansion unto territories such as the Spratyl Islands and Rubi Reef as China had increased security and surveillanceRead MoreChina Sea And Chinese Foreign Policy1218 Words   |  5 Pagesacademics and experts in the field of politics concludes that China is assertive. The assertive conduct of China can have an impact on the regional order and stability in South China Sea. The academics and experts in politics have different perspective on the assertive behaviour of Chinese foreign policy. The argument in favour of implementing assertive foreign policies affirms that China has good intentions regarding the South China Sea. China is required to have an assertive behaviour to bring regionalRead MoreChinese Foreign Policy And Its Effect On The Regional Order And Stability Of South China Sea1338 Words   |  6 Pagesconsensus among scholars concludes that China is assertive (Chen, Pu Johnston, 2014, 176). The assertive conduct of China can have an impact on the regional order and stability in South China Sea. The scholars have different views on the assertiveness of Chinese foreign policy (Chen et al., 2014, 176). The argument in favour of implementing assertive foreign policy affirms that China has good intentions regarding the South China Sea (Chen et al., 2014, 181). China is required to have an assertive conduct

Analysis Of `` Still I Rise `` By Kurt Vonnegut Jr.

Power Against Power The power to use laws for the purpose of peace, justification, and protection of the rights of individuals in society is moral and it has a certain ethical rationale to confirm it’s validity, but when the misuse of authority is exercised for the purpose of selfish advance or benefit, then oppression becomes prevalent. All people have basic rights that must be respected and thought of as an uncompromisable necessity from which no one can neglect or deny allowance. Unfortunately, the abuse of power and authority is wreaking havoc in the foundations of certain societies creating injustices and mistreatment that is thoroughly understood by those who are forced to live under this defect of power. Every person will be faced with an influential decision; stand up for what they believe in or fall under the clutches of the opposition. This statement is noticeably evident in Kurt Vonnegut Jr.’s short story when he demonstrates the possible response to oppression in â€Å"Harris on Bergeron.† Likewise, in the memorable poem, â€Å"Still I Rise,† Maya Angelou illustrates the will power one can have to overcome accusations. Lastly, Hernando Tellez portrays through his short story, â€Å"Ashes for the Wind,† the severity some people would go though to reinforce basic rights. These authors exemplify through their pieces of literature the capability of oppression to alter lives. The satirical intention of Vonnegut’s short story demonstrates the influence injustices can have on people

Personal Theology Of Preaching And Ministry Essay

Personal Theology Of Preaching And Ministry Nicole Vogel 12/6/2016 SEPL610 Practice of Preaching Professor Suzanne Duchesne As a future minister, I recognize the importance in understanding my theological perspective which has an effect on my understanding of the role as a minster and particularly the role of preaching. One’s personal theology affects the neurological wiring in one’s brain which unconsciously influences decisions and actions. There are specific theological views that I believe shape my understanding of a minister’s role as well as preaching. One particular theological view that shapes how I understand the role of a minister and shapes my homiletic process is also a doctrinal belief of my denomination that I wholly subscribe to. This tenant is referred to in the reformed tradition as â€Å"priesthood of all believers.† What that means is that I believe Jesus is a gift from God and it is the responsibility of all those who claim to be Christians to minster to others. This effects my preaching as I am consciously aware of my sermon’s ability to help others view me as someone who is on this journey with them, who happens to have more expertise in biblical studies guiding them, but who is not belittling them. Lucy Atkins Rose suggests keeping a sermon conversational, and this is a way in which I find myself striving towards in my homiletical approach. I believe this method offers a more relational experience and, as she also suggests, would inspire growthShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Dangerous Calling1042 Words   |  5 Pagesdeep into the heart of pastoral ministry. Tripp unfolds the pastoral ministry of today to encourage and warn young and old pastors through stories, the Gospel and God’s Word. In Dangerous Calling, the book dissects the pastor’s life into three sections: Examining Pastoral Culture, The Danger of Losing Your Awe, and The Danger of Arrival. In each section, there are deep and real truths about pastoral ministry. In pastoral ministry, the heart makes or breaks the ministry. In Dangerous Calling, thereRead MoreThe Theology Of The Holy Spirit And The Implications For Expository Preaching800 Words   |  4 PagesSpirit-Led Preaching is a niche book. It is rare to find a work that so concisely captures the theology of the Holy Spirit and the implications for expository preaching. Heisler answers the dilemma that today’s typical evangelical â€Å"Spirit-shy Christians† face. Many contemporary preachers may fear being labeled â€Å"unbiblical† for considering the need to surrender to the control of the Spirit because of how the church has attributed crazy experiences to the ministry of the Spirit in preaching. HeislerRead MoreThe And Of The Preachers1173 Words   |  5 Pagesgifts and yet feeling an inadequate connection. Perhaps it was the predominance of traditional theologies found in most mainline protestant denominations that while safe and predictable, were personally not fully relatable. This I found ironic considering I would be identified as a white male from an affluent background with this being what I would have always known of as homiletics. Perhaps it is from personal experience of how being gay can move one down in a patriarchal hierarchy to less than humanRead MoreJonathan Edwards : A Great Shepherd Of Early Colonial Theology And Revivalism1214 Words   |  5 PagesJonathan Edwards: A Great Shepherd of Early Colonial Theology and Revivalism Jonathan Edwards (1703-1759) played a historical part in American Christianity as we know it today. He was a notorious religious figure during a time when Congregationalists were determined to adhere to the religious styles of old. His intellectual and theological reason, along with his fervent zeal fueled by the Holy Spirit, makes him one of the greatest evangelistic preachers and apologists of all time. His life,Read MoreJohn Wilson And Thomas Church1749 Words   |  7 Pagesto chew on. He asserts, â€Å"at its best, doctrinal expression adds humanity, not abstraction, to preaching – for deep thought is often the product of suffering and healing, blood and balm.† I value his approach to doctrine; it is not one of avoidance because people â€Å"won t get it†, but one of interest because people will benefit from it. Lastly, Thomas stresses the importance of celebration in preaching. For him, celebration is a joyful reinforcement of the central truth of the sermon, and it achievesRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Preaching Essay1852 Words   |  8 PagesMy personal theology of preaching has evolved in surprising and inspiring ways this semester as my pastoral identity has become clearer through my exegetical explorations, further discernment of my pastoral call, and my ministerial experiences with both my supervisor and the church members at my supervised ministry placement. This ongoing formation of my pastoral identity has been a journey of personal discovery of both my gifts and weaknesses, as well as a deep exploration of my faith in God. Read MoreMy Personal Theology Of Preaching Essay1819 Words   |  8 PagesNovember 6, 2016 RStump Personal Theology of Preaching My personal theology of preaching has evolved in surprising and inspiring ways this semester as my pastoral identity has become clearer through my exegetical explorations, further discernment of my pastoral call, and my ministerial experiences with both my supervisor and the church members at my supervised ministry placement. This ongoing formation of my pastoral identity has been a journey of personal discovery of both my gifts and weaknessesRead MoreA Philosophy Of Ministry : The Great Commission844 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Ministry deals with achieving the Great Commission in the church. But the question is if Almighty God has called me to evangelical ministry, then how do I perform the Great Commission in a local church? My Philosophy of Ministry has to give the Biblical-based action plan necessary to fulfil the Great Commission. A Philosophy of Ministry should be composed of all churches. It guides the pastor and the people in the day-to-day affairs of Christ’s church. This Philosophy of Ministry providesRead MoreDiscipleship : Being, Doing And Proclaiming The Gospel Of Jesus Christ1725 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will establish a brief theological basis for evangelism as a way of life, the power of one s personal testimony, the importance of evangelism and discipleship through relationships. II. Evangelism as a way of life: The passion for evangelism begins and ends with Jesus Christ. Recently I was called to the bedside of a dear friend before surgery. Little did I know that I would be preaching her funeral shortly thereafter. The question that came to mind, for me was, If I died right now, howRead MoreJonathan Edwards : Early Colonial Theologist And Religious Revivalist1533 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor religious revivalist during this evolution of the American ideology. Learning more about Jonathan Edwards leaves no doubt in my mind that he was confirmed to lead in the ministries of theology and preaching; both by God and then later by others. Edwards clearly had a vision for how God was going to use him in this ministry and he strived for that goal through his writings as he led others to God. Born October 5, 1703 (M. X. Lesser, Pg. 2) in East Windsor, Connecticut, Edwards’ intellect was

The effects of the global financial crisis - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about The effects of the global financial crisis. Answer: Introduction: The assessment mainly helps in identifying the causes of financial crises, which liquidated the financial sector and negatively hampered growth. The possibility of second financial crises is also evaluated, which might hamper financial sector of the world. Furthermore, the impact of financial crisis on the relevant counties is also evaluated with specific focus on Nepal. Moreover, this helps in depicting the problems, which was faced by the organisations in different counties regarding valuation in the financial market. Lastly, the overall proposed reforms that was used in controlling the financial crises is adequately depicted in the assessment. Discussing the possible causes of the financial crises: The financial crisis was one of the major drawback in the current financial sector of the world, which increased insolvency condition of many companies. The financial crisis of 2008 was subject to different causes, which are depicted as follows. Deregulation: The major deregulation of Glass Steagall Act of 1933 mainly allowed the bank in US to use deposits to invest in derivatives. This major change in the regulation was mainly conducted to support banks in increasing their competiveness among foreign firms. The second major regulation was Commodity Futures Modernization Act, which mainly exempted credit default swaps and other derivatives from regulations. Both the deregulations mainly allowed banks to acquire additional risks and use the capital market as gambling for increasing their results from investment (Admati and Hellwig 2014). Furthermore, these measure mainly allowed banks to increase their risk talking ability, while raising their chance to become insolvent. Securitization: The securitization of funds, mortgage backed securities, collateralized debt obligation and other derivatives are mainly used by banks to hedge their funds. The financial product such as Mortgage backed securities are mainly used as a collateral, which allowed banks to generate the required capital to continue their operations. This Mortgage backed securities were mainly traded by banks in the secondary market, which helped in improving their cash flow. The Mortgage backed securities mainly have bundles of mortgage with lot of securities, which are backed by credit rating. The use of credit default swaps allowed investors to reduce risk, which was supported by AIG insurance company (Allayannis et al. 2017). These MBS and CDS mainly increased the overall problem for investors, as default in mortgage increased. The default rate of borrowers mainly increased, which reduced the returns from securities. These overall decline in repayment increased risk and hampered profit generation capac ity of investors. Growth of subprime mortgages: The third main reason behind the augmentation of the financial crises was the growth in subprime mortgages. These relevant increment was mainly conducted after the enforcement of Financial Institutions Reform Recovery and Enforcement Act, which allowed fulfilment of Community Reinvestment Act. This mainly allowed the banks to eliminate redlines in poor neighbourhoods, which in turn increased growth prospect of banks. The announcement of George Bush in fulfilling the American dream of a house was mainly fulfilled by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, who directly supported banks with the required capital and sold the mortgages in secondary market (Amies, Munford and Sutton 2017). Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac reassured banks that they would securitise the subprime loans, which led to the pull factor complementing the push factor of CRA. This mainly reduced restrictions of the banks in accumulating the overall loans from different borrowers. However, the growth in subprime loans negatively affec ted growth prospects and laid foundation of financial the crisis. Fed raised rates on subprime mortgages: Lastly, the increment in FED rates on subprime mortgages mainly forced borrowers to default due to rising interest rate. The FED from 2000 mainly declined interest rate, which reduced the overall payments conducted by borrowers. This overall reduced payment mainly increased the number of borrowers, who could take loans from banks. These low interest payments motivated borrowers to accumulate more loans and increase their assets. FED mainly increased the overall interest rates in 2004, which resulted in high repayments of interest that was conducted by borrowers. This high repayment amount mainly raised the overall problems of the borrowers and led to defaults. The increment in number defaults mainly increased the risk in Subprime mortgages, which was conducted by banks (Amiraslani et al. 2017). Therefore, in 2007 due to the augmentation of financial crises, FED reduced interest rate from 5.25% to 4% for preventing mortgage holders in selling their homes. Depicting whether GFC could be repeated again: After evaluating financial position of counties in the world, relevant augmentation of Great financial crisis is seen to be a possibility. The measures used by countries during financial crisis was not adequate, which in turn reduced capability of financial sector to continue with its operations. Armantier et al. (2015) mentioned that like US major countries in the world injected taxpayers money into their financial sector to smoothly continue their operations. Moreover, during 2013 small recession was seen, due to the default of Greece. The Brexit from Euro zone increased relevant problems for the financial sector of European countries. One of the major problems, which is affecting financial capability of countries are declining monetary policy and increasing debt accumulation. The following event mainly indicate repetition of GFC, which could hamper financial sector of countries. Decline in Chinese economy: The decline in Chinese economy can be seen in recent years, where the Chinese government has been interfering with stock market and inflating index value. The investors in China due to pressure from the Chinese government were not able to comprehend changes in the capital market. Furthermore, it is estimated that second financial crises would start from China, where the bubble would burst and decrease share value of the organisation. Boustras and Guldenmund (2017) mentioned that decline in total export value mainly reduced capability of Chinese government in compensating market growth. Decline in Oil prices: The decline in oil process all around the world is also reducing capability of the oil producing countries and oil refining companies in generating the required level of revenue from operations. In addition, this decline in oil prices is mainly hampering major revenue generation capacity of US companies and indicating the reducing in demand from consumers. This relevant decline in oil consumption directly reduces the revenue generation capacity of the companies and might decline jobs in the country Decline in countries ability to pay its debt: The relevant decline in countries ability to pay their debt was mainly identified from the defaulting of Greece. This mainly indicated the financial problems, which is faced by countries in paying their debt due to declining revenue. Carvalho, Ferreira and Matos (2015) stated that high debt accumulated by countries is mainly increase interest payment and hampering their ability to conduct smooth operations. The situation seen in Greece where non-payment of debt and defaulting led to the decline in financial sector and hampered profitability of the investors. Explaining the scale of impact of GFC on other countries and in Nepal: The negative impact of GFC was seen in maximum of the countries all around the world. Moreover, after September 2008 the full-fledge financial crises was mainly faced by both developed and developing countries. This negative impact of financial crises mainly resulted in the decline of financial sector of European countries. The following impact of GFC on developed and developing countries are evaluated as follows. Negative impact of financial crises on developed countries: The relevant financial crises have directly hit the finance sector of developed countries, which in turn declined value of capital market. The financial crises were mainly conducted due to the default rate of borrowers for mortgage loans. Majority of the developed countries were investing in US mortgage backed securities (Cohen et al. 2014). Hence, the defaulting of mortgages mainly declined the value of mortgage based securities to zero and wiped out their total capital. Negative impact of financial crises on developing countries: The overall negative impact of financial crises mainly affects emerging market of China and Brazil despite the robust growth seen in the economy. This was mainly conducted due to the reduced financing provided by foreign investors. Furthermore, this reduced financiering condition by foreign investors mainly declined liquidity condition of developing countries capital market. The financial crisis also reduced cash flow and increased losses of foreign investor, which increased selling pressure in developing counties having higher foreign direct investment. Hence, the financial crises reduced investments of FDI in developing counties such as India, which crashed their index. Impact of financial crises on Nepal: Nepal has a fragile economy, which directly depends on external forces rather than internal forces for smoothly running the economy. However, the financial crisis of 2008 has a drastic impact on the economy condition of Nepal, as the country mainly relies in export, which is conducted to US and other developed countries. Furthermore, the exports are mainly conducted on credit basis, which drastically hinders the payment capability of US and other developed countries (DeYoung et al. 2015). Hence, the payment incapability of creditors resulted in massive layoffs and unemployment with closure of major companies. This mainly led to massive decline in employment condition, while reducing economic stability of Nepal. Therefore, the reduction in remittance will mainly shake the financial condition of the economy and raise unemployment. This financial crisis mainly discouraged consumer market and investors, which in turn declined financial position of Nepal. Identifying the actual or proposed reforms which have been eventuated: After the financial crises adequate reforms were proposed and implemented by governments to reduce its negative impact on the economy. The reforms mainly helped in reducing any kind of financial problems, which was persisting in the financial sector. The following reforms was implemented by countries for nullifying the impact of financial crisis on the economy. Housing and economic recovery Act 2008: The housing and economic recovery Act 2008 was mainly conducted by the US government for reducing negative impact on financial crises (Floyd, Li and Skinner 2015). The insurance on mortgage was conducted, which helped in insuring $300 billion worth of mortgage. Furthermore, FHFB, GSEs, and OFHEO was mainly implemented by US government for reducing negative impact of financial crisis on US economy. Lending practices: The US government in response to the financial crises mainly considers bills to regulate the lending process of banks and financial institutions. This regulation mainly helps in declining the specific lending practice, which augmented the financial crisis. Federal reserve powers: The relevant proposal was mainly implemented in 2008, where regulatory powers was used by US Federal Reserve for intervening in the market crisis. Hence, the federal reserve mainly allows the financial institution to increase liquidation by reducing the interest rate. Short selling restrictions: The short selling restriction is mainly implemented by US government during financial crises, which directly helped in declining the negative pressure on the capital market (Haas and Lelyveld 2014). However, the practice is mainly a reform, which could be used by the government during the time of next financial crises to prevent short selling pressure in the capital market. Capital reserve requirement: The capital reserve requirement was the main factor, which led to the augmentation of financial crisis. Therefore, increment in capital reserve requirement could directly help in declining the MBS and CDS, which in turn could increase depository of banks (Wang 2014). Conclusion: The above assessment mainly helps in depicting the overall negative impact of financial crises on economic condition of US. In addition, the possible causes of financial crises were MBS and CDS, which declined financial performance of companies in US. Furthermore, the possibility of GFC is also identified, which could occur in near future due to the intervention of Chineses government in their stock market. Moreover, the scale of GFC is mainly identified to reach both developed and developing countries all around the world. Lastly, the reforms obtained by government for reducing the negative impact of financial crises and uplifting the financial sector is adequately conducted. 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